ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the lymph node micrometastasis and its clinicopathologic features on 5-year disease free survival rate for patients with pT1-3N0 gastric cancer.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with stage pT1-3N0 gastric tumors were included,and 2 106 lymph nodes were harvested and examined in all the specimens.There were 9-28 lymph nodes with average 18 lymph nodes from each patient.All the lymph nodes were negative by HE staining.The CK20 expression of lymph nodes was tested by immunohistochemistry.The relationships between clinicopathologic features or CK positive expression and 5-year disease free survival were analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of CK20 was 9.07%(191/2 106)in lymph nodes and 26.67%(32/120)in patients with pT1-3N0 gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry.Eleven cases were with micriometastasis,21 cases were isolated tumor cells(ITC).The average postoperative follow-up was 66.35(range 24-121)months.Five-year disease free survival rates were 87.4%,78.3%,and 40.9% for the lymph node negative,ITC,and micrometastasis groups,respectively.Five-year disease free survival rate in the micrometastasis group was lower than that in the lymph node negative group(P=0.000)and ITC group(P=0.046).However,there was no significant difference between the lymph node negative group and ITC group(P=0.253).Multivariate analysis identified tumor diameter(P=0.011),depth of tumor invasion(P=0.043),and lymphatic vessel invasion(P=0.002)were related with CK20 positive expression.There was no significant relationship between the pathologic parameters and the 5-year disease free survival rates.Lymph node micrometastasis of gastric cancer was detected in 11 patients who should belong to stage pN1(Mi),the restage rate was 9.17%.While the lymph node negative(88 patients)and ITC(21 patients)were recorded pN0(i-)and pN0(i+),respectively,and were not recommended restage(stage pN0).Conclusion Patients with stage pT1-3N0 gastric cancer and micrometastasis in lymph node are with high-risk and low 5-year disease free survival rate,for whom adjuvant therapies may be justified and effective.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of high glucose on the number and proliferation, migration and adhesion of peripheral endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Methods Total mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and then the cells were plated on fibronectin coated culture dishes. After 7 days of culture, several groups of attached cells were incubated with glucose in a series of concentrations (15, 25, 35, 45mmol/L) for different durations (6, 12, 24 and 48h). EPCs were characterized as adherent cells which were double positive for DiLDL uptake and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining demonstrated under a laser scanning confocal microscope. EPCs were further documented by demonstrating the expression of KDR, VEGFR 2 and AC133 with flow cytometry. EPCs proliferation, migration and in vitro vasculogenesis activity were assayed with MTT assay, modified Boyden chamber assay and in vitro vasculogenesis kit, respectively. EPCs adhesion assay was performed by replating MNCs on fibronectin coated dishes, and then the adherent cells were counted. Results Incubation of isolated human MNCs with high glucose concentration decreased the number of EPCs, and this effect was most prominant when glucose concentration was 45mmol/L, and incubated for 24 hours (approximately 1 fold decrease, P
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of intra-and post-operative administration of supplemental high concentration oxygen on abdominal clean-contaminated surgical wound infection.Methods From January 2001 to June 2005, 425 patients undergoing abdominal clean-contaminated operation were randomly divided into receive FiO2 60 % (n=213, study group) or FiO2 28 % (n=212, control group) inspired oxygen during the operation and two hours postoperatively. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and the peripheral arterial oxygen saturation was were measured two hours after operation. During 15 postoperative days, the wounds that drained pus were considered infected.Results The results showed that the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (P
ABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate whether homocysteine (Hcy) has influences on endothelial progenitor cell (EPCs) number and activity from peripheral blood. METHODS: Total mononuclear cells (MNCs) were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes and cultured for 7 days, and then attached cells were stimulated with Hcy or vehicle control for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The adhesion, proliferation, migration and in vitro vasculogenesis activity of EPCs were assayed, respectively. RESULTS: Incubation of isolated human MNCs with Hcy dose and time-dependently decreased the number of EPCs with maximum at 200 (?mol/L) for 24 hours (35.7?6.7 vs 62.5?10.6, P
ABSTRACT
Objectives Discussing the significance of ultrasound exploration for inferior epigastric arteries in the differential diagnoses between direct and indirect inguinal hernias.Methods Exploring both flanks inferior epigastric arteries for 105 cases of inguinal hernias with color Doppler ultrasound instrument and making sure of diagnoses for the patients based upon the relations of inferior epigastric arteries with hernia vesicle necks and hernia vesicles.Results (1) Inferior epigastric arteries from 102 patients can be revealed distinctly, but those from 3 cases can't; (2) 16 patients were diagnosed as direct inguinal hernias and 86 patients as indirect inguinal hernias according to ultrasound explorations, which accorded with outcomes offered by surgical operations. Conclusions Ultrasound explorations for inferior epigastric arteries is a brief?accurate and feasible examining management to differential diagnoses between direct and indirect inguinal hernias,which deserves clinic application.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To cultivate the exoerythrocytic stage of Plasmodium yoelii in vitro and to study some involved affecting factors.METHOD:In vitro cultivation.RESULTS:The monolayer hepatocytes grown in 1 6 - mm plastic cell culture dishes were inoculated with sporozoite sus- pension prepared from Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes for48hours.At a final density of2? 1 0 4 cells per well,the infection rate of hepatocyte,cultured in medium supplemented wit15 % bovine serum,was 0 .0 35? 0 .0 1 3% ,the diameter of the nearly mature EEF of Plas- modium yoelii was up to40 .3? 31 .6 ?m,and contained more than1 0 0 nuclei,the number of EEF might be4- 1 0 /cm2 .An intraperitoneal inoculation of the EE schizonts to mice could induce parasitemia.At a final density of0 .5? 1 0 4 or4? 1 0 4 cells per well or the hepatocytes cultured in medium supplemented with1 0 % bovine serum,no EEF could be observed.CON- CL USION:The density of hepatocytes and culture medium are important for the cultivation of the EE stage of Plasmodium yoelii.This procedure will lay foundation for the further studies of the sporozoite invasion,the development of EEF and the affecting factors in- volved.
ABSTRACT
0.05).Compared with SHR group,left ventricular weight mass index decreased significantly in SHR-A group(P
ABSTRACT
The percentage of sporozoites developed in exoerythrocytic forms in the rats treated intravenously with cyclophosphamide 24 hrs before inoculation of sporozoites was higher than that in untreated controls, so was the mean size of exoerythrocytic form. Cyclophosp-hamide could decrease the sensitivity of hepatocytes to the vector's tissues inoculated together with sporozoites, thus decreasing the incidence of cloudy swelling of hepatocytes induced by the vector's tissues and inhibiting the white blood cells infiltration induced by the ruptured mature exoerythrocytic form.The fact that cyclophosphamide might enhance the invasion of sporozoites into the hepatocytes indicates that the phagocytic activity of Kupffer's cells to destroy the sporozoites might be inhibited by cyclophosphamide.
ABSTRACT
P. yoelii sporozoites(Sp) in Anopheles stephensi were first isolated with low-speed centrifugation and the Sp suspension was subsequantly purified with the density gradient centrifugation. The recovery rates of Sp by the latter method is about 50-75% of that by the former, but few debris could be found in the Sp suspension and the infectivity of the Sp was not weakened as compared with the Sp obtained by low-speed method. Sp would retain partial infectivity, when its suspension was maintained ia medium 199 at 4℃ for 48 hrs. When rats and mice were infected with these Sp, patho-logical changes of hepatocytes such as cloudy swelling or fatty degeneration, which had been evidenced to be induced by mosquito tissues, would be absent or present in th& slightest degree.
ABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of this study was to study the changes of rabbit heart electrophysiological properties caused by increasing left ventricular afterload, and to assess the effects of streptomycin or verapamil on these changes. METHODS: The rabbit heart preparation in situ was used,and the afterload of left ventricle was increased by clipping in part the root of ascending aorta. The changes of heart electrophysiological parameters including relative refractory period (RRP),effective refractory period (ERP),monophasic action potential duration (MAPD_ 90 ) and ventricular fibrillation threshold(VFT) were observed before and after altering the afterload of left ventricle and were compared in the absence and presence of streptomycin or verapamil. RESULTS: The rising of left ventricular afterload [(72?11)mmHg] led to shortening of RRP,ERP and MAPD_ 90 ,and to descent of VFT ( P 0.05) except increasing of VFT ( P
ABSTRACT
The effects of Kupffer's cells on the traping or killing of the plasmodial sporozoites and on the transporting of them through the hepatic sinus walls into the Disse's space were summarized.The phagocytosis of Kupffer's cells plays an important role to trap the sporozoites and the ability to trap sporozoites is higher in the liver than in the lungs and the spleen.In general,the stronger the phagocytosis of the Kupffer's cells,the more advantageous to the invasion of sporozoites;the higher the biocidal activity of Kupffer's cells,the more advantageous for the host to prevent the sporozoites from invading.When the biocidal activity of the Kupffer's cells is enhanced by certain drug agents,more sporozoites can be phagocytized and killed and less amounts of sporozoites will invade the host's red cells.
ABSTRACT
Anopheles Stephensi,infected with Plasmodium yoelii.was fed on 10% sucrose solution containing 1%.difluoromethylornothine(DFMO)to induce the degeneration of its oocysts.On the 11th day after infection,the effects of hemocytes on the normal and degenerated oocysts were observed wtih transmission electron microscopy.In the control group.no hemacytes could be found around the normally-developed oocysts except those degenerated ones.In the DFMO group,all the oocysts underwent degeneration in various degrees and some of them were melanized.All the oocysts were attached by one or more hemocytes which belonged to the category of granulo-cytes morphologically.There were many granules with microtubular construction in the cytoplasm of the hemocytes and in the spaces between a hemocyte and an oocyst.The findings indicate that the degeneration of oocysts can exert a taxic effect on hemocytes and the latter may release the granules and possibly other substances to result in the encapsulation and melanization of the oocysts.
ABSTRACT
The effects of nitroquine on the sporogonic development of Plasmo-dium yoelii were observed under electron microscopy. The female mosquitoes were fed directly with 10% sucrose solution containing 0.1%Nitroquine.It was found that the oocysts were smaller and markedly degenerated as compared with that of the control. The surface of the oocysts was rough and uneven. Under a transmission electron microscope, the cytoplasm of the affected oocysts contained vacuoles; the membane of mitochondria and uncleus was damaged; and the number of residual bodies increased.No sporoblast formation was seen in most of the affectes oocysts. The nuclear membrane of the degenerated sporozoites was thickened and the density of nuclear matrix decreased markedly as compared with that of the control. These results indicate that the nucleus and the membrane are mainly affected during the sporogonic development of P. yoelii by nitroquine.
ABSTRACT
Wistar rats pretreated with BCG, dexamethasone or carbon particles respectively were inoculated with P. yoelii sporozoites via caudal vein. 42 hours after inoculation, the animals were killed to examine the effects of these 3 agents on the invasion of sporozoites and the development of exoerythrocytic forms (EEF) .It was found that in the carbon group about 30% of the kupffer cells contained the particles, and the density of EEF apparently decreased as compared with that of the control. In the BCG group, a dosage of 6 ? 107 units also caused a marked decrease of EEF density, an,d the parasites were smaller with a higher rate of degenerated forms as compared with those of the control, In the dexamethasone group, however, the EEF density increased markedly up to the level 1.5-2 times higher than that of the control. In addition the EEF were larger and more numerous with vacuoles and some lobulated. The mechanism of these facts were discussed.
ABSTRACT
Two hours after the rats were infected with 125I - labeled sporozoites of Plasmo-dium yoelii,the sporzoites captured by the liver,the spleen and the lungs accounted for 1.67%,0.046% and 0.49% respectively.During the 2nd to the 18h,the sporozoites decreased in number slowly in the liver,remained unchanged in the spleen and decreased in number quickly in the lungs as time went on.When the liver and the lungs were perfused with quick M199 stream containing sporozoites,the capture rate of sporozoites was not affected in the liver but that of the lungs was markedly decreased.The numbr of sporozoites in the liver and the spleen was larger in those rats with their phagocytosis activated than in those with the phagocytosis inhibited.while in the lungs,the number of sporozoites was not influenced by the activity of macrophages.These findings suggest that the mechanism of capturing sporozoites in the lung is mainly mechanical and the alveolar macrophages play little role in that,but that in the liver and the spleen is mainly a biological process in which macrophages play an important role.
ABSTRACT
The exoerythrocytic forms (EEF) of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii BY265 in the liver of rats and mice are morphologically similar, however, the size of the matured EEF in the former is far much larger than that in the latter. In the sections of the liver of both the animals, which are sliced 48-65 hours after the inoculation of sporozoites, certain degenerated EEF can be found. The degenerated EEF fall into two types:(1) Degenerated EEF without WBC infiltration, These EEF usually remain intact in their outline with many vacuoles of the size 1-6?m in diameter in the cytoplasm. The nuclei of the host hepatic cells parasitized are usually swollen and appear blank after staining. No WBC infiltration can be found.(2) Degenerated EEF with WBC infiltration: The outline of these degenerated EEF is no more intact. They are usually infiltrated and/or surrounded by WBC.Degeneration occurs in 6.6% of the EEF in rats and 5.8% in mice. Once the normally developed parasites become matured and ruptured, large amoants of WBC are attracted and accumlated to form local foci of WBC infiltration of the size 35-90?m in diameter. In some of the foci, remnants of the parasites can be seen, while in some others, no remnants can be found and they most likely are also formed by the degenerated EEF or ruptured matured parasites.
ABSTRACT
Anopheles minimus was infected with Plasmodium yoelii yoelii under adequate condition. The malaria parasite could develop normally and produce mature oocysts containing sporozoites. Large numbers of free active sporozoites were found in the haemocele but most of them failed to penetrate into the mosquito's salivary glands. Thus the sporogonic cycle of the parasite could not be completed.But in one mosquito, a few sporozoites were found in its salivary glands. It seems that there is an individual difference in the susceptibility of the mosquitoes and this throws some light on the possibility of selecting a susceptible strain of A. minimus to establish the A. minimus-P. yoelii system for malaria research.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of rapamycin on the number and function of peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Methods Total mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and then the cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. After 7-day culture, adherent cells were treated with rapamycin in a series of final concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, 5.0?g/ml for 6, 12, 24, and 48h. EPCs were identified as adherent cells double positive for DiLDL-uptake and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining as demonstrated under a laser scanning confocal microscope. EPCs were further documented by demonstrating the expression of VEGFR-2, AC133 and CD34 with flow cytometry. EPCs proliferation and migration were assayed with MTT assay and modified Boyden chamber assay, respectively. EPCs adhesion assay was performed by replating them on fibronectin-coated dishes, and then adherent cells were counted. In vitro vasculogenesis activity was assayed by in vitro vasculogenesis kit. Results Incubation of isolated human MNCs with rapamycin resulted in a decrease in the number of EPCs, and rapamycin also decreased EPCs proliferative, migratory, adhesive and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity in both concentration and time dependent manners. Conclusion Rapamycin decreases the number, proliferative, migratory, adhesive and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity of EPCs.